Polybutylene Succinate (PBS): A Sustainable Biopolymer for Packaging and Biomedical Applications
Introduction
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is an aliphatic biodegradable polyester synthesized from succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol. It has attracted attention as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics due to its biodegradability, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. This study investigates the thermal, mechanical, and degradation behavior of PBS to assess its suitability for packaging and biomedical applications.
Methodology
PBS samples were synthesized and subjected to a series of analyses: Tensile strength and elongation tests for mechanical properties; Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for thermal transitions; and biodegradation tests in controlled environments. The crystallinity level was assessed using DSC data.
Results and Discussion
The PBS samples exhibited tensile strength values in the range of 30–35 MPa, with elongation at break reaching up to 220%. This balance of strength and flexibility suggests PBS is suitable for film and packaging applications. Thermal analysis indicated a melting temperature (Tm) around 114–116 °C, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) near -32°C. Crystallinity was observed at approximately 45–50%, contributing to its thermal stability.
TGA results demonstrated initial decomposition around 340°C, indicating good thermal resistance. Biodegradation tests revealed that PBS degraded by 60–70% within 90 days under composting conditions, highlighting its environmental advantage over conventional plastics.
Figure 1 shows the revised mechanical properties of PBS, while Figure 2 presents the biodegradation trend over 90 days.
Conclusion
The results indicate that PBS possesses a promising combination of mechanical strength, thermal stability, and biodegradability. These properties make it a strong candidate for sustainable packaging and potential biomedical applications, providing an eco-friendly alternative to conventional polymers.
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Author Dr. Mamta Saiyad, an industry expert, faculty member at Nirma University
Trainer at Polymerupdate Academy
